gravier



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. I. GRAVIER.

APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY.

Patented June 10, 1884.

Jim/dub R m a 4/,/ HI M II M I WITNESSES /m/ fid;

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-S-'heet 2.

A. I. GRAVIER.

APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING ELEGTRIGITY.

Patented June 10, 1884.

N. PETERS, Plwlu-Lilhugnphcn wm'm m, n. c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A. I. GRAVIER.

APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING E LEGTRIGITY. No. 300,068. Patented June 10,1884.

FIGJI.

INVENTOR.

N. PETERS. Fholoiillwgnphcr, wimn mu, n c.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

' A A. I. GRAVIER.

APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTINGBLEGTRIGITY.

No. 300,068. Patented June 10, 1884.

FlG-I2 ATTEST a I a} INVENTOR- illrvrrnn STATES Parana @rricnl ALPHONSEISIDORE GRAVIER, OF PARIS, FLXNCE.

APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY.

FzPECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 300,068, dated June10, 188

Al blication filed February 9, 1882.

(No model Patented in France June 3, 1850, No. 137,033; in Germany July29, 1880, No. 15,525,

and May 13. 1881, No.16,6852; in Belgium June 13. 1881, No. 54,896; inEngland June 22, 1581, No. 2,739; in Italy December 19,1881, No. l3,t93;in Austria-Hungary May 20, 1882; in Norway July 1t, 1582; in SwedenOctober U, 18: 2, and in Denmark February 27,

aZ/Z whom it may concern: Be it known that I, ALPHONSE IsIDoRE GRAVIER,a citizen of the Republic of France,

trical Energy, and apparatus for use therein,

' strength and intensity.

whereof the following specification is a full and exact description.

This invention relates to an improved system for supplying a number oftranslating devicessuch as lights, motors, and the like with electricalenergy from a common generator or generators, which latter may be of anysuitable descriptiongalvanic or thermo-electric batteries, foreXamplebut which would ordinarily and preferably be dynamoelectricmachines.-

The invention consists, first, in placing the translating devices in aseries of derived branches, and in including in each branch, or in suchbranches as it may be desirable to employ it in, an automatically orelectrically adjusted rheostat or resistance apparatus, whereby thecurrent through said branch or branches and the translating device ordevices included therein is maintained uniform at a givenNotwithstanding the rise and fall of potential in the main conduct- 01sat the ends of the branches, the resistance of the rheostat, beingautomatically adjusted, compensates for such variation, and counteractsthe variation in the strength of current which would otherwise result.The electric ally-adjusted rheostat comprises the rheostat proper andthe electric governor, or instru- -ment operated electrically to adjustthe rheostat proper. The electric governor is prefer ably such ashereinafter described; but this part of the invention is not limited toit, since other means operated by increase or decrease in the currenttraversing the same could be used to adjust the rheostat. It is,however, essential that the governor should be excited in the circuitthrough the translating device and not in an independent branch. Therheostat proper may be of ordinary or of other suitable constructionas,for example, of that hereinafter described.

The invention, secondly, consists in combining with the derived brancheswhich include the translating devices means adapted to be set byhand foradjusting the resistance of the branch so as to vary at will thestrength or intensity .of current through the said devices. These means,when electrically adj usted rheostats are used, are such as to changethe conditions under which the electric gov ernor is in equilibrium.\Vhen rheostats are used without being connected with and operated byelectric governors, it is only necessary to adjust directly theresistance. In either case the effect of the hand adjustment or set tingwill be to decrease the resistance of the branches when a larger currentis desired, or to increase it when the current is to be diminished. Thedifference is that in the one case the decreased or increased resistanceis a constant quantity, while in the other it is only a normal quantity,and will vary with any variation of tension on the main conductors.

The invention, thirdly, consists in the combination, with the series ofderived branches, which include both the translating devices and adjustablc rheostats, (as well those adjustable electrically to maintainuniform a given current as those adjustable by hand to vary the currentwhether also adjustable electrically or not,) of an electric governorand current-controlling mechanism operated thereby for regulating theelectro-motive force of the generator or generators in accordance withthe demand-that is to say, with the number of branches and translatingdevices in circuitin order to maintain a uniform difference of potentialbetween the ends of the branches.

The invention, fourthly, consists in connecting the two ends of thebranches containing the translating devices, or so many of them as maybe desired, with a switch for simultaneously making and breaking theconnection with both poles of the generator or main conductors, -so as,when the connections of any branch are broken, to cut it wholly out ofthe system. The branch being charged only when V in use, there can be noloss from leakage. It is also found that there is less disturbance ofthe other parts of the system than if a break were Lil madein one wireonly,which effect, in my opinion, is due to the extra current not beingpermitted to pass into the said other parts. The place to be suppliedwith electricity-it may be a section of a city, an establishment,o'ronly a part 01" an establishment-is often, as a matter of necessityor convenience, at a distance from the generator or generators.

The tit'thpart ofthe invention is designed to overcome the diliicultiesin the way of an eili' cicnt regulation o't'the current where the translating devices are at a distance from the generator, and are connectedin derivation, the object being to render them each independent of theothers; and it consists in connecting the branches with the mainconductors (which extend to. a distance from the generator) at one ormore centers, and in including the electric governor for controlling theelectro-inotive force of the generator or generators in a branchconnected with these centers, so that any abnormal change in thepotential of these will so alter the current in the said governor branchas to change the clectro-motive force of the generator in the directionrequired to counteract said change of potential. Thus the potential atthe centers being maintained uniform, the currentineach branchcontaining the translating devices will be constant so long as theresistance is uniform.

The invention, sixthly, consists in placing a secondary battery at thesame centers, so as to prevent sudden changes in potential be i'ore thegovernor can produce its effect upon the generator and counteract thevariation.

The invention further comprises a method, hereinafter explained, ofascertaining or regulating the resistance of the derived branches, andalso certain special constructions of the switch for connecting anddisconnecting the said branches, and of the adjustable rheostats l'oruse in them, as well. as the combination or union in one apparatus orsystem of the foregoing improvements.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation, partly insection, of the relay or switch. forming part of the electric governor;Fig. 2, a diagram illustrating the contacts 5 Fi gs. 8 and 4, viewsshowing the construction of the switches for connecting in or cuttingout the branches containing the translating devices; Figs. 5 and (5,front and side elcvationsn'espect ively, ofthe improved rheostat in saidbranches; Figs. 7, S, and 9, diagrams showing arran gements ofconductors for supplying a district; Fig. 1U,a diagram showing themanner ofcombining with circuits the switch and rhcostats shown in theforegoing figures; Fig 11, a diagram showing a complete system, and Fig.12 a diagram of another method of controlling the elcctro-motive forceof the generators.

The apparatus will first be described in de tail, and the manner ofconnecting them in the system then explained.

The relay or automatic switch,Figs. 1. and 2, consists of anclectro-magnet, A B, having a vibratory armature, u. ,3, supported on altnill edge on one pole, A,ol' the magnet, and polarized thereby.rieltscrcws limit the' 'ilay oi'lhr armature. A weight, 1), is:nljuntably secured to an arm of said armature, and tends by its gravityto oppose the attraction oi'the magneton the armature. Atlachml to butinsulated from the arnn'iture are four ctmtact-pieces, c c c c, whichare supported above and span the space between thepairs ol'elasticcontactsi ri is 'f/ 15" 1", attached to the frame olthc magnet. inthemid-position ot' the arnnttnre i he movable contact-pieces c c a" care separated l'rom the stationary strips '15 I I 1,- but when the arm-aSiemens or Trounc or other so i table type. The

cominutator-brnshes of this armature are rho trically connected the onewith the outside strips oi the pairs l I the other with the ont-- sidestrips of the paiis i" If, as shown in .lrig. L. The inside stripsol'the pairs!v t" a re connected with the positive pole of a localbattery, and the inside strips Ol tllUpdllhS I" with the orgative poleof the same battery. When, there fore, the armature is inmid-pi'isition, which will be whenever the weight p balances themagnetic attraction.) the circuit oi the local battery is open and thearmature l) cut out but when the one force overpowers i he other, (whichwill be whenever the current eircnlah ing in the coils of theclectro-magnet rises above or .l'alls below the normal,) the contactsmade connect the lower commiitatorbrush with the positive pole of thelocal battery, and the upperbrush with the negati re pole, or viceversa, according to the direction in which the vibratory armature (1,?moves, and thus completes the circuit of theloeal battery through therotary armature, so that it turns to the right or left, according as thearmature a ,3 is tilted to the right or lel't. The a iiparatus is thus acombined relay and motor,the elect lU- magnet of the relay being thefield-magnet ol' the motor.

In Figs. ill. and ii, for the purpose ol'elcarer illustration, the motorseparated from the relay, and the contactsare dillerently disposed, theoperation bein the sanm as just described withrel'erence to F .LandiZ,butthcarrangement being less compact and desirable. tithe shaft ol'therotary arnmtnre is mechanically connected with the irhcostat-valve orothm: instrument to be adjusted.

The switch, Figs. 3 and i, ,l'or cimnccting andLllSCODllOOtlllgiLlJl'Llltjll,CUllf-5lHtS ot'aprism, l, otcboniteorothcr insulating material, ion rnaled in bearings, a liainlle, n1, forturning it. two metal contact-pieces, c and c", act in said prism, andfour contact-springs m a, l'orming the terminals of the main eoiuluctorsA ll, and c b, forming the terminals of the ln-acnch. "When the prism l?is in. the position shown,

the branch is connected in circuit, the corre- When the handle an isturned down, as shown in dotted lines, the contact-pieces are removedfrom under the terminal-springs a I), and the branch is wholly cut out.Where a number of branches connect with the main conductors A B at acommon point, the switch-board has as many separate prisms P as thereare branches.

The rheostat, Figs. 5 and 6, consists of a base or frame provided withtwo rows of insulated metal pegs, d 6, respectively, a wire, f, woundback and forth around said pegs, a series of contact-plates, g, formedby the heads of the pegs e, or otherwise connected with them, and aswitch-lever, C, movable over said contactplates 9 by means of anebonite handle, m. One end of the wire f is connected with the bindingpart E, the other with the last peg, e, at the opposite end of theseries. The switchlever O is connected with the other bindingpost, F. Byturning said lever more or less of the wire f will be introduced intothe circuit, and the resistance of the latter will becorrespondinglyincreased or diminished.

Referring now to Fig. 11, H is a dynamoelectrical machine having itspoles connected by the main conductors A B with theswitchboard I, (ofthe construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and described with referencethereto,) in which center a number of branches, 0* (1*, which includetranslating devices shown as are lights L. In each of these branches, inaddition to the translating device, is a selfadjusting rheostat, whichis adapted also to be adjusted by hand, the same comprising a rheostatproper (of the construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6) and an electricgovernor (of the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2) having the shaftof its rotary armature I) 2 connected by worm-gearing with theswitch-lever (J of the rheostat proper. The coil of the relaymagnet A Bis connected in the wire of the appropriate branch between thebinding-post F and the terminal-spring a on the switch board I. Therelay-armature a ,8 operates, as the current through the coils risesabove or falls below the normal, to close the local-battery circuit atthe contacts t t or t i so that the current of the said batterytraverses the coils of the revolving armature I) z in one direction orthe other, and causes said armature b 2 to revolve in the directionrequired for moving the switch-lever O to correct the variation. Thehand adjustment is effected by altering the position of the weight 19(see Fig. 1) so that it will balance the attraction caused by a greateror less current in the coils of the relay. At the switch-board I, wherethe branches center, a secondary battery is placed in a loop, 501,derived from the mainconductors A B, and permanently connected with theterminals of said conductors.

The dynamo-electrical machine is driven by a steam-engine the supply tothe cylinder of which is controlled by an electric governor of theconstruction shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The relay is excited in aloop orbranch, K, and the rotary armature I) z of the motor is connected withthe supply-valve through the worm-gearing 500 in such a way that whenthe current inthe relay increases above the normal the armature turnsthe valve in the direction for cutting off the steam, and when thecircuit decreases it turns the valve inthe opposite direction andincreases the supply of steam. The supply of steam controls the speed ofthe dynamo-electrical machine, and consequently its electro-motiveforce. The loop or branch K, containing the electric governor,-isconnected with the main conductors at the centers where the connectionof the branches is made-that is, at the switch-board Iso that thepotential of the said centers will be kept constant, and consequentlythe current through each translating device will depend solely upon theresistance in its own branch, and not at all upon the number of branchesin circuit, whereas if the loop or branch K were connected directly withthe poles of the generator H the resistance of the main conductors A B,being common to all the branches, would cause the current in any branchto vary with the number of branches in circuit, the difference inpotential between the poles of the generator being kept constant.

In operation, whenever a lamp is to belighted, the corresponding prism,I or the switchboard I is turned into the position shown in Figs. 3 and4. The current then enters the branch circuit, and the difference inpotential between the terminals of the main conductors is immediatelydiminished, so that the current in the loop or branch K diminishes, theweight retracts the armature 0. 9 and closes the circuit through therotary armature, which thereupon revolves and turns the valve con nectedwith it, supplying more steam to the engine driving the dynamo until theincreased speed of the latter restores the normal difference inpotential at the switch-board I. The armature a 3 then breaks theconnection of the rotary armature I) z and remains in equilibrio untilsome new disturbance brings it into action. If a lamp is to beextinguished, the proper prism P is turned, so as to cut the branchentirely out of the circuit. The difference in potential between theterminals of the main conductors is therebyincreased, the current in thegovernor-relay at the generatingstation rises, and the electric governorimmediately diminishes the supply of steam to the prime'motor, reducingthe speed of the dynamo-electric machine until the normal difference inpotential at the terminals is restored.

It is obvious that the connection or disconnection of one branch will,if other branches are in circuit, disturb to a certain extent thecurrent in the others; but the relay at the generating-station beingvery delicate, it will almost immediately cause the motor or rotaryarmature to movethesupplyyalve so as to re store the normal conditions;In some cases the corrective action of the electric governor at thegenerating station may be sullicient; but in many cases, especiallywhere the center of dis tribution or switch-board I at a considerabledistance,it isdesirable to use additional means for preventingiluctuations in one derived b 'anch from the opening or closingofanother. The secondary battery at th e center oid istribution, so soonas the dill'crence of potential between the terminals, or, as it may becalled, the electroanotive l'orc at the center of distribution, falls orrises, commences to dis charge or to absorb the electrical. energy, andthus prevents any great change in said electro-motive force until theincreased or diminished speed of the dynamoelectrical machine restoresthe normal conditions. The electric governors in the translatingbranches also assist in preventing fluctuations from this as well. asfrom other causes, for as soon as the electro-motive force at the centerof distribution falls below or rises above the nornmhthe said governorsdiminish or increase the resistances of their respectivebranches, so asto maintain unil'orm the current therein, notwithstanding thesevariations at the center of distribution. If it be desired to increaseor decrease the current supplied to any translating devicc,the weight orthe vibratory armature of the relay can be shil'ted to increase ordiminish its rotractile power. Thus it it be desired to increase thecurrent the weight will be moved a suitable (llSliilllCl away from thefulcrum, and the electric governor will shift the switclrlever until thenormal resistance of the branch is sullicicntly diminished.

It the rheostats be used without any electric governor, as shown in Fig.10, theswitchlever G is turned by hand. 01'' course in the latter casethe electrical adjustment to correct fluctuations is lost.

In Fig. 1]. the alteration in the electro-motive force of the generatoris effected by alterations in the speed of the dynamo-electricalmachine, and by the alterations in excitation of the field-magnets,which would, as shown, (the field being excited in a derivation ofconstant resistance,) follow as a con-- sequence upon the alterations inspeed; but means other than those for altering the speed could be used.For example, the electric governor could be made to increase or decreasethe resistance of the branch including the field-magnets, so as to varythe strength of the field, and thus change the clectromotive iorcewithout altering the speed. Such arrailgement is shown in Fig. 12,wherein a switclrlever, (l, connected by worm-gearing with the shalt ol"the armature b 1:, successively cuts out or connects inresistance-coils, not shown, but connected with the contactplates g,likethewiref, Fig. 5, according as it a is turned in one direction or theother.

In order to notify the attendant at the genot' grounding.

crating-station whether or not any derived branches are in circuit,galvanometers S T, respectively, are placed in the main circuit A. B andgoverning branch K. 'When the indications coincide, all the consumptionor translating branches will be cut out, because, in order that they maycoincide, the whole current which passes through the galvanometer S mustpass as well through the galvanometer T. As soon, however, as one ormore of the branches [6* are connected in circuit, the current throughthe galvanometer S is increased, while that through the galvanomcter Tremains as before. The number of branches 0* (1* in circuit will also beindicated by the position of the galvanometer-needle, because thecurrent through the instrument S increases with the number of branchesin circuit.

In Fig. 10 the dynamo is not illustrated, nor the governing branch, northe secondary battery, and the electric governor for ad} nsti ng therhcostat in the branches is also omitted. The switclrlevers O are to beturned by hand.

'Where alarge district is to be supplied, it would not be convenient tohave a separate branch for each translating device or each set oftranslating devices, as shown in Figs. 11) and 11. In such cases thedispositions illustrated in diagrams Figs. 7, 8, and could be adopted.One or more centers 01' distribution, V or r, are made at suitablepoints, and there is a net-work of conductors, c connected with eachcenter, while a governing branch or loop, K, extends i'rom each centerto the generating stat-ion X, where it passes through the relay ol" theelectric governor. The branches containing the translating devices areconnected with these conductors at suitable points, and include or mayinclude adjustable rheostats, as shown in Figs. and 11. return-circuitsare shown in Figs. 7, Q, and 9. The lines are represented as grounded;but it is obvious that returnconductors could be used in place The maincomluctor A." and the conductors of the consumption or translate ingbranches are shown in full lines, while the governing branch or loop Kis represented in dotted lines. At each center of distribution asecondary battery may be used.

The dotted lines around the conductors in Figs. 7, and 9 indicate theboundaries oi the cities or districts to be supplied, the generatingslation 1C being outside of the same.

\Vhen possible, it is desirable to regulate the relative resistances olthe derived branches, arranged as shown in Fig... 10 and 11, by thefollowing method: lilaving ascertained the resistances of a translatingdevice say an arc lamp and circuit, and utilizing the whole current ofthe generator-1nultiply the resistance of the translating device by thenumber of derived branches. To obtain the re sistance of each device tobe placed in the several branches, and having reduced to a minimum theresistances of the generator and main conductors, which are common tothe i (it) ITO - the prisms P of the switch-board I.

circuit of all the translating devices, subtract this minimum from theresistance of the circuit ascertained as above, and multiply theremainder by the number of branches for the resistance of each branch.Thus if the generator be a Gramme machine, furnishing a current ofthirty webers under an electromotive force of one hundred volts, theresist-' ance of the total circuit would be three and thirty-threeone-hundredths ohms, (3.33,) and of the lamp (constituting thetranslating device) one-half that, or one ohm and sixtysiX and one -halfhundredths, (1.665.) If there be three lamps in derivation, as shown inFigs. 10 and 11, the resistance of each lamp will be three times theabove,or four and ninety-eight hundredths ohms, (4. 98, )an d may burn acarbon of about nine millimeters in diameter, that having approximatelyone-third the cross-section of the carbon, (of 16 millimeters) which ithas been found advisable to employ in using the whole current in onelamp. Reducing the resistance of the generator and the main conductorsto a minimumsay to twenty-five (.10+.15) one-hundredths of an ohmsubtracting this from 1.665 ohms-the resistance of the circuit outsidethe lamp and multiplying the remainder by three, (the number ofbranches) we have 3 1.415 4..245 ohms, as the proper resistance for eachbranch. Under these conditions the currentwill be utilized in the mostadvantageousmanner, the speed and electro-motive force of thegeneratingmachine varying but little, and the energy expended in eachlight being approximately one-third of the whole, whether the otherlights are burning or not.

It is obvious that if a galvanometer were placed in the governing branchor loop K it would give indications whereby an attendant could regulatethe electro-motive force of the generators by hand. The use of theautomatic governor, however, relieves the attendant ot' the special carewhich otherwise would be required.

Cylindrical blocks could be used in place of The contact-pieces shouldbe asufficient distance apart to prevent a spark from passing whenabranch is opened or closed. They are preferably of copper, and thesprings a. b and a b of nickeled iron.

The wire f of the rheostatsispreferably iron wire, tinned, nickeled, orsilvered. The judicious use and multiplication of the centers ofdistribution V or 11, Figs. 7, 9, permit the employment of thick wireson shortlengths only in the positions where they would be most useful.It insures a good division of the electricity in the net-work with amininum cost.

I do not make claim herein to the electric governor or rheostats orswitch described, unless when used in the system explained but the saidinstruments are of my own invention and are believed to be new devices,and I reserve the right to make separate applications therefor.

I am aware that heretofore a telegraphic switch has been devisedforintroducing a loop into the mainline at an intermediate stationwithout breaking said main line, the object being to connect ordisconnect at willthe officeinstruments at the intermediate stationwithout interfering with the transmission of messages which may at thetime be passing over the main line. This switch operated to break theconnection of the loop at both ends simultaneously; but it also operatedto connect with each other the mainline contact, so that the main linewas complete. In the present invention the switch,when turned todisconnect one of the loop branches, leaves a break between themain-circuit contacts at that switch. This is essential, for if saidcontacts were connected, the loop branches remaining in circuit would beshort-circuited. Noclaim is there fore made to the'eombination ofswitches with the loop branches and main circuit, unless the saidswitches are so constructed and arranged that when a switch is turned tocut out a loop branch the connection between the main conductors isbroken at that switch.

Having now fully described my said invention and the manner of carryingthe same into effect, what I claim is 1. The combination, with a seriesof translating devices in branches of a common circuit, ofself-adjusting rheostats operated electrically, included in the samebranches with the translating devices, forincreasing or decreasingautomatically the resistance of said branches as the current through thetranslating devices rises or falls, substantially as described.

2. The combination,with translating devices in branches of a commoncircuit, of self-adj usting rheostats adjustable also by hand to varythe normal resistance thereof, said rheostats being placed in the samebranches with the translating devices, so that when set they maintainthe current through the translating devices at a given strength, andwhen desired may be adjusted by hand to vary the said current,substantially as described.

3. The combination,with translating devices in branches of a commoncircuit, a generator for supplying electricity to said circuit, andadjustable rheostats in the said branches, of

an automatic electric governor for controlling the electro-motive forceof said generator, substantially as described.

4.. In a system of distributing electricity, the con'ibinatiomwith themain circuit and the derived or looped branches containing thetranslating devices, of switches for connecting and disconnectingsimultaneously both wires of the loop branches, the connection of thewires of the main circuit being broken at each switch when thecorresponding branch is cut out, substantially as described.

5. The combination,with translating devices too in branches connectedwith the main circuit at 00111111011 points or centers,and inainconductors extending from said centers to the generatingstation at adistance, of a governing branch returning from said centers to thegeneratingstation, substantially as described.

6. The co1nbination,\vith translating devices in branches connected withthe main conductors at common points or centers, of secondary batteriesincluded in a loop or branch, also connected with the main conductors atsaid centers, substantially as described.

- T. The combination, "with the translating devices inbranchcs, and thegenerator for supplying electricity to the circuit, of the secondarybattery in a. loop or branch, and an elec tric governor for controllingthe elcctro-inotive force of the generator, also placed in a loop orbranch, substantially as described.

The combination, with translating devices, a generator, and theconductor forming a circuit, of the secondary batteryin a branch orloop, and self-adjusting rheostats in the same branches, which includethe translating devices, substantially as described.

5). The combination, with translating de vices, a generator, andconductors forming a circuit, of the secondary battery in a loop orbranch, the seltadjusting rheostats for controlling the resistance ofthe branches, includ ing the translating devices, and the electricgovernor for controlling automatically the electro-inotive force of thegenerator, substantiall y as described.

10. The combination, with translating devices in branches of a commoncircuit, the con ductors constituting said circuit, a generator, and agoverning branch, of a galvanometcr or similar instrument in tlieinaincircuit, and an additional one in the governing branch, whereby theattendant at the generating-station may ascertain when the translatingdevices are all out of action, substantially as described.

ill. A system of electric lamps, generator,

and conductors comprising a generator and main conductors of lowresistance, a number of translating devices, eachhaving a resistance asmany times as great as that of a lamp using the entire current as thenumber of translating devices is greater than one, and being in cludedin a separate branch having a resistanee equal to that of the circuitsupplying a the common resistances oi the generator and main conductorsfirst being dcdueteil, snbstantiall as described.

12. A system ol'distributing electricity, comprising, in combination,main conductors extending to a distance, a generator having its polesconnected with said conductors, a series of branches derived from saidconi'lueltors at common points or centers, a switch born-d through whosecontacts the said branches are connected with the main conductors,translat ing devices and sell zuljusting rhcostats in the said branches,a loop permanently onnected with the main conductors at the saidcenters, a secondary battery in the loop, a governing branch derivedfrom the main conductors at the aforesaid centers, means for control lin [he electro-motive l'orcc of the generator, an electric governoroperating said means and placed in said governing branch, agalvanolncter in one oi the main conductors, and :1 serond galvanoineter in the governing branch, sail'l sell'- adjusting rheostatsbeing nrcn ided with dovices to be set by hand for varying the nor malresistance or resistance which each .rhco stat has when the normaldil'tcrence in polielr tial between the aloresaid centers is maintained, and said scll ad j11sti11g rheosl'als being also provided\vith'or comprising a rheoslat proper having a resistaneewvire, a seriesol contacts, and a switch-lever, and an electric governor having a relayand an electric motor, thelattcrcon1i1cctcdn'itl1 the switch-lever andthe aforesaid electric governor for con trolling the electro-inotivei'orce ol. the generator, in like manner comprising a relay and a motor,and the said switchboard having in dependent prisms, with a duplicateset ol' contacts for making or breaking lhe (mnnection of bothconductors of the derived translating branches, and the resislanee ol'the translating devices and ofthe derived translating branches beingadapted to the construction of the generator, all substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I haves *ned my name to this specification in thepresence ol lrvo subscribing Witnesses.

illllllillibll llill'lllll lilfll'llilt. 'Witncsses:

Ai rnn I) Cor r, R0131. M. Hoornn,

i s. (bimzdaiwll'vm'roi.

tie

